About CES
Circular Energy Storage Research & Consulting (CES) is a London-based consultancy specialising in data and analysis for the end-of-life and secondary lithium-ion battery market. Since 2017, we have helped clients navigate the complex landscape of battery use, reuse, and recycling — enabling smarter decisions across the entire value chain.
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Our strength lies in continuously collecting, validating, and analysing data from every part of the global battery ecosystem. We transform this intelligence into actionable insight, supporting strategy development, sustainability planning, and business growth for our clients.
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Our clients include many of the world’s leading companies in automotive, electronics, battery manufacturing, and energy — as well as major players in battery reuse and recycling. We also work with government agencies, financial institutions, and international organisations shaping the future of energy and circular economy policy.
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Founded by Hans Eric Melin, a recognised expert in battery recycling and circular economy systems, CES combines decades of industry experience with data-driven research. Our work has been featured in leading scientific journals including Science and Nature, and cited by institutions such as the European Commission, the White House, the International Energy Agency, and the World Economic Forum.

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Publications
Batteries
2023
Tracking flows of end-of-life battery materials and manufacturing scrap
Gaines, Linda, Jingyi Zhang, Xin He, Jessey Bouchard, and Hans Eric Melin
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Science
2021
Global implications of the EU battery regulation
Melin, Hans Eric, Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar, Anthony Y. Ku, Alissa Kendall, Gavin Harper, and Oliver Heidrich
Nature
2021
​Circular economy strategies for electric vehicle batteries reduce reliance on raw materials
Baars, Joris, Teresa Domenech, Raimund Bleischwitz, Hans Eric Melin, and Oliver Heidrich
Swedish Energy Agency
2019
State-of-the-art in reuse and recycling of lithium-ion batteries–A research review
Hans Eric Melin, Circular Energy Storage
Transport & Environment
2019
Analysis of the climate impact of lithium-ion batteries and how to measure it
Hans Eric Melin, Circular Energy Storage
Global Battery Alliance
2018
​The lithium-ion battery end-of-life market–A baseline study
Hans Eric Melin, Circular Energy Storage
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